한빛사 논문
Eun‑Hye Kim1, Sungbin Choi1, Donghyun Kim1, Han Jin Park1, Yiying Bian2, Sang Ho Choi3, Han Young Chung3* and Ok‑Nam Bae1*
1College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
2School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
3National Research Labora‑tory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
*Correspondence:Han Young Chung and Ok‑Nam
Abstract
Background: Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) formed from decomposed plastic are increasing environmental threats. Although MPs and NPs exposed through various routes enter the systemic circulation, the potential toxicity of those is largely unknown. We investigated whether polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) promote the coagulation activity of red blood cells (RBCs).
Results: We tested several types of PS-NPs using human RBCs and found that amine-modified 100 nm PS-NPs were the most potent. We measured the uptake of PS-NPs using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed morphological changes of RBCs by PS-NPs. PS-NPs induced the externalization of phosphatidylserine, generation of microvesicles in RBCs, and perturbations in the intracellular microenvironment. PS-NPs increased the activity of scramblases responsible for phospholipid translocation in RBCs. PS-NPs modulated the functional interaction to adjacent tissues and coagulation cascade, enhancing RBC adhesion and thrombin generation. Our observations in human RBCs were consistent with those in isolated rat RBCs, showing no inter-species differences. In rat venous thrombosis models, the intravenous administration of PS-NPs enhanced thrombus formation.
Conclusion: Amine-modified PS-NPs induce the prothrombotic activation of RBCs causing thrombus formation. We believe that our study will contribute to understanding the potential toxicity of amine-modified polystyrene particles in blood cells and cardiovascular systems.
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