한빛사 논문
Young-Tae Kwona,1, James J.S. Nortonb,c,1, Andrew Cutroneb, Hyo-Ryoung Lima, Shinjae Kwona, Jeongmoon J. Choid, Hee Seok Kime, Young C. Jangd,f, Jonathan R. Wolpawb,c, Woon-Hong Yeoa,f,g,*
aGeorge W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
bNational Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
cStratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
dSchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
eDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36608, USA
fWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
gFlexible and Wearable Electronics Advanced Research Program, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, and Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
1These authors contributed equally to this work.
*Corresponding author
Abstract
Operant conditioning of Hoffmann's reflex (H-reflex) is a non-invasive and targeted therapeutic intervention for patients with movement disorders following spinal cord injury. The reflex-conditioning protocol uses electromyography (EMG) to measure reflexes from specific muscles elicited using transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Despite recent advances in wearable electronics, existing EMG systems that measure muscle activity for operant conditioning of spinal reflexes still use rigid metal electrodes with conductive gels and aggressive adhesives, while requiring precise positioning to ensure reliability of data across experimental sessions. Here, we present the first large-area epidermal electronic system (L-EES) and demonstrate its use in every step of the reflex-conditioning protocol. The L-EES is a stretchable and breathable composite of nanomembrane electrodes (16 electrodes in a four by four array), elastomer, and fabric. The nanomembrane electrode array enables EMG recording from a large surface area on the skin and the breathable elastomer with fabric is biocompatible and comfortable for patients. We show that L-EES can record direct muscle responses (M-waves) and H-reflexes, both of which are comparable to those recorded using conventional EMG recording systems. In addition, L-EES may improve the reflex-conditioning protocol; it has potential to automatically optimize EMG electrode positioning, which may reduce setup time and error across experimental sessions.
Keywords : Large-area epidermal electronic system (L-EES); Electromyography; Multi-channel nanomembrane electrodes; Neuromuscular response; and Breathable fabric
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