Research Highlights from the Nature Gene therapy halts type 1 diabetes Sci. Transl. Med. 7, 289ra81 (2015) Insulin B chain 9-23 gene transfer to hepatocytes protects from type 1 diabetes by inducing Ag-specific FoxP3+ Tregs.Antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance in type 1 diabetes (T1D) in human has not been achieved yet. Targeting lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated gene expression to hepatocytes induces active tolerance toward the encoded Ag. The insulin B chain 9-23 (InsB9-23) is an immunodominant T cell epitope in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. To determine whether auto-Ag gene transfer to hepatocytes induces tolerance and control of T1D, NOD mice were treated with integrase-competent LVs (ICLVs) that selectively target the expression of InsB9-23 to hepatocytes...
More Antifungal drug dodges resistance Nature Chem. Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1821 (2015)Nontoxic antimicrobials that evade drug resistanceDrugs that act more promiscuously provide fewer routes for the emergence of resistant mutants. This benefit, however, often comes at the cost of serious off-target and dose-limiting toxicities. The classic example is the antifungal amphotericin B (AmB), which has evaded resistance for more than half a century. We report markedly less toxic amphotericins that nevertheless evade resistance...
More Migration explains drab female birds Proc. R. Soc. B 282, 20150375 (2015)Migration and the evolution of sexual dichromatism: evolutionary loss of female coloration with migration among wood-warblersThe mechanisms underlying evolutionary changes in sexual dimorphism have long been of interest to biologists. A striking gradient in sexual dichromatism exists among songbirds in North America, including the wood-warblers (Parulidae): males are generally more colourful than females at northern latitudes, while the sexes are similarly ornamented at lower latitudes. We use phylogenetically controlled comparative analysis to test three non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for the evolution of sexual dichromatism among wood-warblers...
More Stroke brain still controls device J. Neurosci. 35, 8653–8661 (2015) Robust Neuroprosthetic Control from the Stroke Perilesional CortexIntracortical brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) may eventually restore function in those with motor disability after stroke. However, current research into the development of intracortical BMIs has focused on subjects with largely intact cortical structures, such as those with spinal cord injury. Although the stroke perilesional cortex (PLC) has been hypothesized as a potential site for a BMI, it remains unclear whether the injured motor cortical network can support neuroprosthetic control directly...
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