한빛사 논문
Joo-Han Gwaka,1, Samuel Imisi Awalaa,1, Ngoc-Loi Nguyena, Woon-Jong Yua, Hae-Young Yanga, Martin von Bergenb,c, Nico Jehmlichb, K. Dimitri Kitsd, Alexander Loyd, Peter. F. Dunfielde, Christiane Dahlf, Jung-Ho Hyung, and Sung-Keun Rheea,2
aDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; bDepartment of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–Zentrum fur Umweltforschung GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; cInstitute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; dDivision of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030; Austria; eDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; fInstitute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; and gDepartment of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
1J.-H.G. and S.I.A. contributed equally to this work.
2To whom correspondence may be addressed.
Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic wetlands are major sources of the atmospheric greenhouse gas methane. Methane emissions from wetlands are mitigated by methanotrophic bacteria at the oxic–anoxic interface, a zone of intense redox cycling of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Here, we report on the isolation of an aerobic methanotrophic bacterium, ‘Methylovirgula thiovorans' strain HY1, which possesses metabolic capabilities never before found in any methanotroph. Most notably, strain HY1 is the first bacterium shown to aerobically oxidize both methane and reduced sulfur compounds for growth. Genomic and proteomic analyses showed that soluble methane monooxygenase and XoxF-type alcohol dehydrogenases are responsible for methane and methanol oxidation, respectively. Various pathways for respiratory sulfur oxidation were present, including the Sox–rDsr pathway and the S4I system. Strain HY1 employed the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle for CO2 fixation during chemolithoautotrophic growth on reduced sulfur compounds. Proteomic and microrespirometry analyses showed that the metabolic pathways for methane and thiosulfate oxidation were induced in the presence of the respective substrates. Methane and thiosulfate could therefore be independently or simultaneously oxidized. The discovery of this versatile bacterium demonstrates that methanotrophy and thiotrophy are compatible in a single microorganism and underpins the intimate interactions of methane and sulfur cycles in oxic–anoxic interface environments.
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