한빛사 논문
Joshua A. Jackmana,b, Bo Kyeong Yoona,b, Natalia Mokrzeckaa, Gurjeet Singh Kohlic, Elba R. Valle-Gonzáleza, Xinyi Zhuc, Martin Pumerad,e,f,g, Scott A. Ricec,h,i and Nam-Joon Choa,c,*
aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
bSchool of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
cSingapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore 637551, Singapore
dFuture Energy and Innovation Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
e3D Printing and Innovation Hub, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-61300, Czech Republic
fDepartment of Medical Researchm China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
gDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
hSchool of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
iithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
J.A.J. and B.K.Y. contributed equally to this work.
*To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
There is extensive debate about how 2D nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) affect bacteria. Various effects of GO are proposed, including bacterial growth inhibition or enhancement, killing, and no activity. Herein, we report that GO protects Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells from death in starvation conditions with up to a 1000‐fold improvement in cell viability. Transcriptomic profiling reveals that bacterial cells in starvation conditions generally shut down metabolic activity, while only cells incubated with GO increase production of specific enzymes involved in the glyoxalase detoxification pathway along with repressed autolysis. The oxygen‐containing functional groups of GO resemble the molecular structure of methylglyoxal, which bacteria produce to adapt to nutrient imbalances and is detoxified by glyoxalase enzymes. The ability of GO to enable bacterial cell survival in starvation conditions and accompanying cellular responses support that bacterial cells perceive GO as a methylglyoxal‐mimicking nanomaterial cue to reshuffle cellular metabolism and defenses.
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