한빛사 논문
Jessica A. Webera,1, Seung Gu Parkb,c,1, Victor Luriad,1, Sungwon Jeonb,c, Hak-Min Kimb,c, Yeonsu Jeonb,c, Youngjune Bhakb,c, Je Hun June, Sang Wha Kimf,g, Won Hee Hongh, Semin Leeb,c, Yun Sung Choe, Amir Kargeri, John W. Cainj, Andrea Manicak, Soonok Kiml, Jae-Hoon Kimm, Jeremy S. Edwardsn,2,3, Jong Bhakb,c,e,2,3, and George M. Churcha,2,3
aDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; bKorean Genomics Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea; cDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea; dDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA 02115; eClinomics Inc., 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea; fLaboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea; gResearch Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea; hHanwha Marine Biology Research Center, 63642 Jeju, Republic of Korea; iIT–Research Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; jDepartment of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; kDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, United Kingdom; lNational Institute of Biological Resources, 37242 Incheon, Republic of Korea; mCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea; and nDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
1J.A.W., S.G.P., and V.L. contributed equally to this work.
2J.S.E., J.B., and G.M.C. contributed equally to this work.
3To whom correspondence may be addressed.
Abstract
The endangered whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest fish on Earth and a long-lived member of the ancient Elasmobranchii clade. To characterize the relationship between genome features and biological traits, we sequenced and assembled the genome of the whale shark and compared its genomic and physiological features to those of 83 animals and yeast. We examined the scaling relationships between body size, temperature, metabolic rates, and genomic features and found both general correlations across the animal kingdom and features specific to the whale shark genome. Among animals, increased lifespan is positively correlated to body size and metabolic rate. Several genomic traits also significantly correlated with body size, including intron and gene length. Our large-scale comparative genomic analysis uncovered general features of metazoan genome architecture: Guanine and cytosine (GC) content and codon adaptation index are negatively correlated, and neural connectivity genes are longer than average genes in most genomes. Focusing on the whale shark genome, we identified multiple features that significantly correlate with lifespan. Among these were very long gene length, due to introns being highly enriched in repetitive elements such as CR1-like long interspersed nuclear elements, and considerably longer neural genes of several types, including connectivity, activity, and neurodegeneration genes. The whale shark genome also has the second slowest evolutionary rate observed in vertebrates to date. Our comparative genomics approach uncovered multiple genetic features associated with body size, metabolic rate, and lifespan and showed that the whale shark is a promising model for studies of neural architecture and lifespan.
whale shark, lifespan, body size, metabolic rate, neural genes
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