Yeongjae Choi^a,†, Hyung Jong Bae^b, Amos C. Lee^c, Hansol Choi^b, Daewon Lee^a,d, Taehoon Ryu^e, Jinwoo Hyun^b, Seojoo Kim^f, Hyeli Kim^f, Suk‐Heung Song^f, Kibeom Kim^f, Wook Park^f,g,*, Sunghoon Kwon^{a,b,c,h,i,j,*}

^aNano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
^bDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University,1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
^cInterdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
^dBK21+ Creative Research Engineer Development for IT, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
^eCelemics Inc., 131, Gasandigital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
^fDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
^gInstitute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
^hInstitute of Entrepreneurial Bio Convergence, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
ⁱSeoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
^jInter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

^†Present address: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA

^*To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Y.C. and H.J.B. contributed equally to this work.

DNA‐based data storage has attracted attention because of its higher physical density of the data and longer retention time than those of conventional digital data storage. However, previous DNA‐based data storage lacked index features and the data quality of storage after a single access was not preserved, obstructing its industrial use. Here, DNA micro‐disks, QR‐coded micro‐sized disks that harbor data‐encoded DNA molecules for the efficient management of DNA‐based data storage, are proposed. The two major features that previous DNA‐based data‐storage studies could not achieve are demonstrated. One feature is accessing data items efficiently by indexing the data‐encoded DNA library. Another is achieving write‐once–read‐many (WORM) memory through the immobilization of DNA molecules on the disk and their enrichment through in situ DNA production. Through these features, the reliability of DNA‐based data storage is increased by allowing selective and multiple accession of data‐encoded DNA with lower data loss than previous DNA‐based data storage methods.

Keywords : DNA-based data storage, micro-fabrication, write-once-read-many (WORM) memory