한빛사 논문
Ho Won Jung,a Gagan Kumar Panigrahi,b,c,d Ga Young Jung,a Yu Jeong Lee,a Ki Hun Shin,b,c Annapurna Sahoo,b,c Eun Su Choi,a Eunji Lee,a Kyung Man Kim,b,c Seung Hwan Yang,e Jong-Seong Jeon,f Sung Chul Lee,g and Sang Hyon Kimb,c,1
aDepartment of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
bDepartment of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
cRNA Genomics Center, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
dSchool of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 752050, India
eDepartment of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
fGraduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
gSchool of Biological Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
1Address correspondence to Sang Hyon Kim
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), an mRNA quality control process, is thought to function in plant immunity. A subset of fully spliced (FS) transcripts of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resistance (R) genes are upregulated during bacterial infection. Here, we report that 81.2% and 65.1% of FS natural TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) and CC-NBS-LRR transcripts, respectively, retain characteristics of NMD regulation, as their transcript levels could be controlled posttranscriptionally. Both bacterial infection and the perception of bacteria by pattern recognition receptors initiated the destruction of core NMD factors UP-FRAMESHIFT1 (UPF1), UPF2, and UPF3 in Arabidopsis within 30 min of inoculation via the independent ubiquitination of UPF1 and UPF3 and their degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. The induction of UPF1 and UPF3 ubiquitination was delayed in mitogen-activated protein kinase3 (mpk3) and mpk6, but not in salicylic acid-signaling mutants, during the early immune response. Finally, previously uncharacterized TNL-type R transcripts accumulated in upf mutants and conferred disease resistance to infection with a virulent Pseudomonas strain in plants. Our findings demonstrate that NMD is one of the main regulatory processes through which PRRs fine-tune R transcript levels to reduce fitness costs and achieve effective immunity.
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