한빛사 논문
Eunhye Kima, Fang Wua, Xuewen Wub,c, Hyojung Chooa,*
aDepartment of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
bDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
cDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
*Corresponding author
Abstract
Craniofacial skeletal muscle is composed of approximately 60 muscles, which have critical functions including food uptake, eye movements and facial expressions. Although craniofacial muscles have significantly different embryonic origin, most current skeletal muscle differentiation protocols using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are based on somite-derived limb and trunk muscle developmental pathways. Since the lack of a protocol for craniofacial muscles is a significant gap in the iPSC-derived muscle field, we have developed an optimized protocol to generate craniofacial myogenic precursor cells (cMPCs) from human iPSCs by mimicking key signaling pathways during craniofacial embryonic myogenesis. At each different stage, human iPSC-derived cMPCs mirror the transcription factor expression profiles seen in their counterparts during embryo development. After the bi-potential cranial pharyngeal mesoderm is established, cells are committed to cranial skeletal muscle lineages with inhibition of cardiac lineages and are purified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, identities of iPSC-derived cMPCs are verified with human primary myoblasts from craniofacial muscles using RNA sequencing. These data suggest that our new method could provide not only in vitro research tools to study muscle specificity of muscular dystrophy but also abundant and reliable cellular resources for tissue engineering to support craniofacial reconstruction surgery.
Keywords : Human induced pluripotent stem cells; Craniofacial myogenesis; Direct differentiation; Muscle tissue engineering; Craniofacial myogenic precursor cells
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