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Chang-Ro Lee1,†, Jung Hun Lee1,†, Moonhee Park1,2,†, Kwang Seung Park1, Il Kwon Bae3, Young Bae Kim4, Chang-Jun Cha5, Byeong Chul Jeong1 and Sang Hee Lee 1*
1 National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
2 DNA Analysis Division, Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, South Korea
3 Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Welfare, Silla University, Busan, South Korea
4 Biotechnology Program, North Shore Community College, Danvers, MA, USA
5 Department of Systems Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
†These authors have contributed equally to this work.
*Correspondence: Sang Hee Lee
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is undoubtedly one of the most successful pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired nosocomial infections in the modern healthcare system. Due to the prevalence of infections and outbreaks caused by multi-drug resistant A. baumannii, few antibiotics are effective for treating infections caused by this pathogen. To overcome this problem, knowledge of the pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii is important. In this review, we summarize current studies on the virulence factors that contribute to A. baumannii pathogenesis, including porins, capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, phospholipases, outer membrane vesicles, metal acquisition systems, and protein secretion systems. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of this organism, including acquirement of β-lactamases, up-regulation of multidrug efflux pumps, modification of aminoglycosides, permeability defects, and alteration of target sites, are also discussed. Lastly, novel prospective treatment options for infections caused by multi-drug resistant A. baumannii are summarized.
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