한빛사 논문
Joo-Han Gwak1, Man-Young Jung2, Heeji Hong1, Jong-Geol Kim1, Zhe-Xue Quan3, John R. Reinfelder4, Emilie Spasov5, Josh D. Neufeld5, Michael Wagner2,6, Sung-Keun Rhee1,*
1 Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
2 Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
3 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
4 Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
5 Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
6 Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
These authors contributed equally: Joo-Han Gwak, Man-Young Jung
*Correspondence to Sung-Keun Rhee
Abstract
Consistent with the observation that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) outnumber ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in many eutrophic ecosystems globally, AOB typically dominate activated sludge aeration basins from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, we demonstrate that the growth of AOA strains inoculated into sterile-filtered wastewater was inhibited significantly, in contrast to uninhibited growth of a reference AOB strain. In order to identify possible mechanisms underlying AOA-specific inhibition, we show that complex mixtures of organic compounds, such as yeast extract, were highly inhibitory to all AOA strains but not to the AOB strain. By testing individual organic compounds, we reveal strong inhibitory effects of organic compounds with high metal complexation potentials implying that the inhibitory mechanism for AOA can be explained by the reduced bioavailability of an essential metal. Our results further demonstrate that the inhibitory effect on AOA can be alleviated by copper supplementation, which we observed for pure AOA cultures in a defined medium and for AOA inoculated into nitrifying sludge. Our study offers a novel mechanistic explanation for the relatively low abundance of AOA in most WWTPs and provides a basis for modulating the composition of nitrifying communities in both engineered systems and naturally occurring environments.
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