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Tracking the Fate of Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Delivering a Peptide Payload by Intrinsic Photoluminescence Lifetime
 Authors and Affiliations  Authors and Affiliations
Yusung Jin1,2, Dokyoung Kim3, Hajung Roh1,4, Sojeong Kim1,5, Sazid Hussain6, Jinyoung Kang7, Chan-Gi Pack2, Jun Ki Kim1,2, Seung-Jae Myung8, Erkki Ruoslahti6,9, Michael J. Sailor7,*, Song Cheol Kim1,10,* and Jinmyoung Joo1,2,*
1Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
2Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
3Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
4Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
5Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
6Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
7Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
8Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
9Center for Nanomedicine, and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
10Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
Y.J. and D.K. contributed equally to this work.
*To whom correspondence may be addressed.
Abstract
A nanoparticle system for systemic delivery of therapeutics is described, which incorporates a means of tracking the fate of the nanocarrier and its residual drug payload in vivo by photoluminescence (PL). Porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs) containing the proapoptotic antimicrobial peptide payload, D[KLAKLAK]2, are monitored by measurement of the intrinsic PL intensity and the PL lifetime of the nanoparticles. The PL lifetime of the PSiNPs is on the order of microseconds, substantially longer than the nanosecond lifetimes typically exhibited by conventional fluorescent tags or by autofluorescence from cells and tissues; thus, emission from the nanoparticles is readily discerned in the time-resolved PL spectrum. It is found that the luminescence lifetime of the PSiNP host decreases as the nanoparticle dissolves in phosphate-buffered saline solution (37 °C), and this correlates with the extent of release of the peptide payload. The time-resolved PL measurement allows tracking of the in vivo fate of PSiNPs injected (via tail vein) into mice. Clearance of the nanoparticles through the liver, kidneys, and lungs of the animals is observed. The luminescence lifetime of the PSiNPs decreases with increasing residence time in the mice, providing a measure of half?life for degradation of the drug nanocarriers.
Keywords : biodegradation, bioimaging, photoluminescence lifetime, theranostics, time-gated luminescence imaging
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