Donghee Son †‡, Jongha Lee †‡, Dong Jun Lee †‡, Roozbeh Ghaffari §, Sumin Yun ∥, Seok Joo Kim †‡, Ji Eun Lee †‡, Hye Rim Cho †⊥, Soonho Yoon ⊥, Shixuan Yang #, Seunghyun Lee ⊥, Shutao Qiao #, Daishun Ling ∇, Sanghun Shin †‡, Jun-Kyul Song †‡, Jaemin Kim †‡, Taeho Kim †‡, Hakyong Lee †‡, Jonghoon Kim †‡, Min Soh †‡, Nohyun Lee ¶, Cheol Seong Hwang □, Sangwook Nam ∥, Nanshu Lu #, Taeghwan Hyeon *†‡, Seung Hong Choi *†⊥, and Dae-Hyeong Kim *†‡
† Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
‡ School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
§ MC10 Inc., 9 Camp Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
∥ School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and INMC, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
⊥ Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
# Center for Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 210 E. 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
∇ Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
¶ School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
□ Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
*Crrespondence to Dae-Hyeong Kim, Seung Hong Choi, Taeghwan Hyeon
Implantable endovascular devices such as bare metal, drug eluting, and bioresorbable stents have transformed interventional care by providing continuous structural and mechanical support to many peripheral, neural, and coronary arteries affected by blockage. Although effective in achieving immediate restoration of blood flow, the long-term re-endothelialization and inflammation induced by mechanical stents are difficult to diagnose or treat. Here we present nanomaterial designs and integration strategies for the bioresorbable electronic stent with drug-infused functionalized nanoparticles to enable flow sensing, temperature monitoring, data storage, wireless power/data transmission, inflammation suppression, localized drug delivery, and hyperthermia therapy. In vivo and ex vivo animal experiments as well as in vitro cell studies demonstrate the previously unrecognized potential for bioresorbable electronic implants coupled with bioinert therapeutic nanoparticles in the endovascular system.
Keywords: bioresorbable; stent; transient electronics; flexible electronics; nanomedicine