Min-Sik Kim1,2, Sneha M. Pinto3, Derese Getnet1,4, Raja Sekhar Nirujogi3, Srikanth S. Manda3, Raghothama Chaerkady1,2, Anil K. Madugundu3, Dhanashree S. Kelkar3, Ruth Isserlin5, Shobhit Jain5, Joji K. Thomas3, Babylakshmi Muthusamy3, Pamela Leal-Rojas1,6, Praveen Kumar3, Nandini A. Sahasrabuddhe3, Lavanya Balakrishnan3, Jayshree Advani3, Bijesh George3, Santosh Renuse3, Lakshmi Dhevi N. Selvan3, Arun H. Patil3, Vishalakshi Nanjappa3, Aneesha Radhakrishnan3, Samarjeet Prasad1, Tejaswini Subbannayya3, Rajesh Raju3, Manish Kumar3, Sreelakshmi K. Sreenivasamurthy3, Arivusudar Marimuthu3, Gajanan J. Sathe3, Sandip Chavan3, Keshava K. Datta3, Yashwanth Subbannayya3, Apeksha Sahu3, Soujanya D. Yelamanchi3, Savita Jayaram3, Pavithra Rajagopalan3, Jyoti Sharma3, Krishna R. Murthy3, Nazia Syed3, Renu Goel3, Aafaque A. Khan3, Sartaj Ahmad3, Gourav Dey3, Keshav Mudgal7, Aditi Chatterjee3, Tai-Chung Huang1, Jun Zhong1, XinyanWu1,2, Patrick G. Shaw1, Donald Freed1, Muhammad S. Zahari2, Kanchan K. Mukherjee8, Subramanian Shankar9, Anita Mahadevan10,11, Henry Lam12, Christopher J. Mitchell1, Susarla Krishna Shankar10,11, Parthasarathy Satishchandra13, John T. Schroeder14, Ravi Sirdeshmukh3, Anirban Maitra15,16, Steven D. Leach1,17, Charles G. Drake16,18, Marc K. Halushka15, T. S. Keshava Prasad3, Ralph H. Hruban15,16, Candace L. Kerr19†, Gary D. Bader5, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue15,16,17, Harsha Gowda3 & Akhilesh Pandey1,2,3,4,15,16,20
1McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. 2Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India. 4Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130, USA. 5The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S3E1, Canada. 6Department of Pathology, Universidad de La Frontera, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Temuco 4811230, Chile. 7School of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 8Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. 9Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India. 10Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India. 11HumanBrain Tissue Repository, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India. 12Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong. 13Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India. 14Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. 15The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. 16Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. 17Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. 18Departments of Immunology and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. 19Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. 20Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130, USA. †Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
Correspondence to: Harsha Gowda or Akhilesh Pandey
Abstract
The availability of human genome sequence has transformed biomedical research over the past decade. However, an equivalent map for the human proteome with direct measurements of proteins and peptides does not exist yet. Here we present a draft map of the human proteome using high-resolution Fourier-transform mass spectrometry. In-depth proteomic profiling of 30 histologically normal human samples, including 17 adult tissues, 7 fetal tissues and 6 purified primary haematopoietic cells, resulted in identification of proteins encoded by 17,294 genes accounting for approximately 84% of the total annotated protein-coding genes in humans. A unique and comprehensive strategy for proteogenomic analysis enabled us to discover a number of novel protein-coding regions, which includes translated pseudogenes, non-coding RNAs and upstream open reading frames. This large human proteome catalogue (available as an interactive web-based resource at http://www.humanproteomemap.org) will complement available human genome and transcriptome data to accelerate biomedical research in health and disease.