한빛사 논문
Abstract
Hyunju Choia, Kiyoshi Ohyamab,c, Yu-Young Kima, Jun-Young Jina, Saet Buyl Leed, Yasuyo Yamaokaa, Toshiya Muranakab,e, Mi Chung Suhd, Shozo Fujiokaf and Youngsook Leea,1
aPohang University of Science and Technology-University of Zurich Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
bRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0045, Japan
cDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
dDepartment of Bioenergy Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
eDepartment of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
fRIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
1Address correspondence to Youngsook Lee
Abstract
The pollen coat protects pollen grains from harmful environmental stresses such as drought and cold. Many compounds in the pollen coat are synthesized in the tapetum. However, the pathway by which they are transferred to the pollen surface remains obscure. We found that two Arabidopsis thaliana ATP binding cassette transporters, ABCG9 and ABCG31, were highly expressed in the tapetum and are involved in pollen coat deposition. Upon exposure to dry air, many abcg9 abcg31 pollen grains shriveled up and collapsed, and this phenotype was restored by complementation with ABCG9pro:GFP:ABCG9. GFP-tagged ABCG9 or ABCG31 localized to the plasma membrane. Electron microscopy revealed that the mutant pollen coat resembled the immature coat of the wild type, which contained many electron-lucent structures. Steryl glycosides were reduced to about half of wild-type levels in the abcg9 abcg31 pollen, but no differences in free sterols or steryl esters were observed. A mutant deficient in steryl glycoside biosynthesis, ugt80A2 ugt80B1, exhibited a similar phenotype. Together, these results indicate that steryl glycosides are critical for pollen fitness, by supporting pollen coat maturation, and that ABCG9 and ABCG31 contribute to the accumulation of this sterol on the surface of pollen.
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