한빛사 논문
Yun Sung Cho1, Li Hu2, Haolong Hou2, Hang Lee3, Jiaohui Xu2, Soowhan Kwon4, Sukhun Oh4, Hak-Min Kim1, Sungwoong Jho1, Sangsoo Kim5, Young-Ah Shin1, Byung Chul Kim1,6, Hyunmin Kim6, Chang-uk Kim1, Shu-Jin Luo7, Warren E. Johnson8, Klaus-Peter Koepfli9, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel10, Jason A. Turner11, Laurie Marker12, Cindy Harper13, Susan M. Miller13,14, Wilhelm Jacobs15, Laura D. Bertola16, Tae Hyung Kim6, Sunghoon Lee1,6, Qian Zhou2, Hyun-Ju Jung6, Xiao Xu7, Priyvrat Gadhvi1, Pengwei Xu2, Yingqi Xiong2, Yadan Luo2, Shengkai Pan2, Caiyun Gou2, Xiuhui Chu2, Jilin Zhang2, Sanyang Liu2, Jing He2, Ying Chen2, Linfeng Yang2, Yulan Yang2, Jiaju He2, Sha Liu2, Junyi Wang2, Chul Hong Kim6, Hwanjong Kwak6, Jong-Soo Kim1, Seungwoo Hwang17, Junsu Ko6, Chang-Bae Kim18, Sangtae Kim19, Damdin Bayarlkhagva20, Woon Kee Paek21, Seong-Jin Kim6,22, Stephen J. O’Brien9,23, Jun Wang2,24,25 & Jong Bhak1,6,26,27
1 Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea. 2 BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. 3 Tiger and Leopard Conservation Fund in Korea and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. 4 Samsung Everland Zoo, Yongin 449-715, Republic of Korea. 5 School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea. 6 Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea. 7 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. 8 Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virgina 22630, USA. 9 Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. 10 Life Technologies Conservation Genetics Laboratory, Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo 9000, Namibia. 11 Global White Lion Protection Trust, Tsau Conservancy, Greater Timbavati Region, PO Box 858, Limpopo 1380, South Africa. 12 Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo 9000, Namibia. 13 Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa. 14 Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. 15 Ukutula Lodge & Lion Centre, NorthWest Province Brits 0250, South Africa. 16 Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, Leiden RA 2300, The Netherlands. 17 Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea. 18 Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea. 19 Department of Biology, SungshinWomen’s University, Seoul 142-732, Republic of Korea. 20 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646A, Mongolia. 21 National Science Museum, Daejeon 305-705, Republic of Korea. 22CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea. 23 Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33004, USA. 24 Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. 25 King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 26 Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology Nano Science and Technology, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea. 27 Program in Nano Science and Technology, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.
Correspondence to: Stephen J. O’Brien or Jun Wang or Jong Bhak
Abstract
Tigers and their close relatives (Panthera) are some of the world’s most endangered species. Here we report the de novo assembly of an Amur tiger whole-genome sequence as well as the genomic sequences of a white Bengal tiger, African lion, white African lion and snow leopard. Through comparative genetic analyses of these genomes, we find genetic signatures that may reflect molecular adaptations consistent with the big cats’ hypercarnivorous diet and muscle strength. We report a snow leopard-specific genetic determinant in EGLN1 (Met39>Lys39), which is likely to be associated with adaptation to high altitude. We also detect a TYR260G>A mutation likely responsible for the white lion coat colour. Tiger and cat genomes show similar repeat composition and an appreciably conserved synteny. Genomic data from the five big cats provide an invaluable resource for resolving easily identifiable phenotypes evident in very close, but distinct, species.
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