한빛사 논문
Abstract
aDepartment of Chemistry, University of California and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720;
bDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
cGraduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
1S.S. and D.R.H. contributed equally to this work.
Edited by George C. Schatz, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, and approved August 24, 2009 (received for review July 6, 2009)
Abstract
The use of plasmon coupling in metal nanoparticles has shown great potential for the optical characterization of many biological processes. Recently, we have demonstrated the use of “plasmon rulers” to observe conformational changes of single biomolecules in vitro. Plasmon rulers provide robust signals without photobleaching or blinking. Here, we show the first application of plasmon rulers to in vivo studies to observe very long trajectories of single biomolecules in live cells. We present a unique type of plasmon ruler comprised of peptide-linked gold nanoparticle satellites around a core particle, which was used as a probe to optically follow cell-signaling pathways in vivo at the single-molecule level. These “crown nanoparticle plasmon rulers” allowed us to continuously monitor trajectories of caspase-3 activity in live cells for over 2 h, providing sufficient time to observe early-stage caspase-3 activation, which was not possible by conventional ensemble analyses.caspase, live cell imaging, plasmonic nanoparticles, protease sensor, single-molecule imaging
Footnotes
2To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Author contributions: Y.-w.J., C.S.C., and A.P.A. designed research; Y.-w.J., D.R.H., and C.T. performed research; S.S. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; Y.-w.J., D.R.H., and C.T. analyzed data; and Y.-w.J., S.S., D.R.H., C.T., C.S.C., and A.P.A. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
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