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Plant Cell Environ., Aug 14 2025, | https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70127 Dasineura asteriae Reprograms the Flower Gene Expressions of Vegetative Organs to Create Flower-Like Gall in Aster scaber

Kyung-Hwan Boo^1,2, Young Kyoung Oh³, Christian Møller³, Doseung Lee⁴, Gyeong Lyong Jeon¹, Donghyuk Kim⁵, Meike Burow⁶, Dominik Kilian Großkinsky6^,7, Jiwon Kim^1,2, Moon Young Ryu⁸, Bora Lee⁸, iye Suh⁹, Chan Man Ha¹⁰, Thomas Roitsch^6,11, Pyung Ok Lim¹², Frederic Berger13, Joo-Won Suh¹⁴, Soon-Il Kim¹⁵, Tae Rin Oh¹⁶, Seok Keun Cho⁸, Wanggyu Kim¹⁷, Sangtae Kim⁹, Key Zung Riu^1,2, Seong Wook Yang³

¹Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences (SARI) Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
²Subtropical/Tropical Organism GeneBank, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
³Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
⁴Institute of Health and Environment, Jeju, South Korea
⁵School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, South Korea
⁶Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁷AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Donau, Austria
⁸Xenohelix Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
⁹Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul, South Korea
¹⁰Department of Biological Sciences, college of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
¹¹Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
¹²Department of NewBiology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
¹³Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
¹⁴Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
¹⁵Institute of Research and Development, Nareso Co., Ltd., Seoul National University Business Incubator, Suwon, South Korea
¹⁶Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
¹⁷National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon, South Korea

Kyung-Hwan Boo, Young Kyoung Oh and Christian Møller equally contributed to this study.
Correspondence: Sangtae Kim, Key Zung Riu, Seong Wook Yang

Abstract

Plant galls are abnormal growing tissues induced by various parasitic organisms, exhibiting diverse and complex morphologies. Typically, these galls differ significantly in appearance from their host plants. Here, we report that larvae of a parasitic fly generate unique, rosette galls on Aster scaber, a perennial herb. These galls develop from vegetative organs after the larvae reprogram floral gene expression. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis. Our findings reveal that the larvae induce host organ dedifferentiation into an amorphous callus, activate floral genes, and selectively suppress genes associated with carpel development. As a result, the pseudoflowers consist solely of tepal-like leaflets and a specialized chamber, and the larvae influence pigment biosynthesis. Hijacking plants developmental gene networks by insects to sequentially mediate dedifferentiation, cytokinin regulation, and tepal-like leaflets formation provides a framework to study highly elaborate forms of parasitism and symbiosis between plants and insects.

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