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Adv. Funct. Mater., 05 May 2025 | https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202426047 Strategies to Design and Optimize Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells for T Cell Expansion in Cancer Immunotherapy

Nguyen Thi Nguyen¹, Yu Seok Youn^1,2

¹School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 South Korea
²Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 South Korea

Corresponding Author : Yu Seok Youn

Abstract

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), particularly dendritic cells (DCs), play key roles in activating T cells for enhanced immune response in cancer immunotherapy. In cancer progression, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is gradually developed, shielding tumor cells from immune surveillance. One of the defects created by the TME is the presence of dysfunctional DCs, which triggers failures in antigen recognition, processing, and presentation to T cells, inducing the impairment of anti-tumor immune responses. The demand for ex vivo T cell activation and expansion by the replacement of autologous DCs is imperative in adoptive cell therapy (ACT) due to the limited availability and the laborious isolation of natural DCs. Therefore, the fabrication of artificial APCs (aAPCs) mimicking the function of natural DCs holds promise for cancer immunotherapy, especially in ACT. This review concentrates on the design of aAPCs using the principles of cell signaling for the immunological synapse: T cell receptor (TCR)-specific activation (signal 1), co-stimulatory signal (signal 2), and cytokine-mediated signal (signal 3). Particularly, the customization of size, shape, stiffness, density, and mobility of ligands, as well as the dimension of activating engagers for the optimization of aAPCs, is also discussed.

논문정보

형식Review Paper
게재일2025년 05월 (BRIC 등록일 2025-06-10)
연구진국내 연구진
분야 의약학 > 약학

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