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JAMA Intern. Med., Mar 17 2025, | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0115
Statin Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease
Jonggi Choi, MD, PhD1,2,4; Vy H. Nguyen, BA3; Eric Przybyszewski, MD2,4; Jiunn Song, MD2,4; Allison Carroll, MD4; Megan Michta, MPH2; Erik Almazan, MD5; Tracey G. Simon, MD, MPH2,4; Raymond T. Chung, MD2,4
1Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2Liver Center, Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
5Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
1Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2Liver Center, Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
5Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Corresponding Authors: Jonggi Choi, MD, PhD, Raymond T. Chung, MD
Abstract
Importance: Statins may lower the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by mitigating liver fibrosis progression.
Objective: To evaluate the association between statin use and the risk of HCC and hepatic decompensation, with an emphasis on liver fibrosis progression, among adult patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).
Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study used data from the Research Patient Data Registry from 2000 to 2023 on patients 40 years or older with CLD and a baseline Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score of 1.3 or higher. Participants were grouped into statin users and nonusers. Data analysis was conducted from August 5, 2024, to January 3, 2025.
Exposures: Statin use.
Main outcomes and measures: Outcomes included 10-year cumulative incidence of HCC and hepatic decompensation as well as transitions in liver fibrosis risk categories based on FIB-4 scores. Statin use was defined as exposure to a cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of 30 or more. Fibrosis progression was assessed through FIB-4 group transitions (low, intermediate, and high) over time. Outcomes were analyzed using adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR) and trends in serial FIB-4 scores.
Results: The analysis included 16 501 participants (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [11.0] years; 6750 females [40.9%] and 9751 males [59.1%]) with CLD, including 3610 statin users and 12 891 nonusers. Statin users exhibited a significantly lower 10-year cumulative incidence of HCC (3.8% vs 8.0.%; risk difference, -4.2%; 95% CI, -5.3 to -3.1%) and hepatic decompensation (10.6% vs 19.5%; risk difference, -9.0%; 95% CI, -10.6 to -7.3) compared with nonusers. The aSHR was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.76) for HCC and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.91) for hepatic decompensation. Exposure to lipophilic statins and duration of statin use (≥600 cDDDs) were associated with further reductions in HCC and hepatic decompensation risks. Among 7038 patients with serial FIB-4 data, patients with intermediate baseline FIB-4 scores, 14.7% (95% CI, 13.0% to 16.6%) of statin users transitioned to the high group compared with 20.0% (95% CI, 18.6% to 21.5%) of nonusers. For patients with high baseline FIB-4 scores, 31.8% (95% CI, 28.0% to 35.9%) of statin users transitioned to the intermediate group and 7.0% (95% CI, 5.2% to 9.6%) transitioned to the low-risk group, compared to 18.8% (95% CI, 17.2% to 20.6%) and 4.3% (95% CI, 3.5% to 5.2%) of nonusers, respectively (P < .001).
Conclusions and relevance: This cohort study found that statin use was associated with a reduced risk of HCC and hepatic decompensation in patients with CLD, as well as improved FIB-4 group transitions over time. These findings provide support for the potential role of statins in prevention of HCC and liver disease progression.
Objective: To evaluate the association between statin use and the risk of HCC and hepatic decompensation, with an emphasis on liver fibrosis progression, among adult patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).
Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study used data from the Research Patient Data Registry from 2000 to 2023 on patients 40 years or older with CLD and a baseline Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score of 1.3 or higher. Participants were grouped into statin users and nonusers. Data analysis was conducted from August 5, 2024, to January 3, 2025.
Exposures: Statin use.
Main outcomes and measures: Outcomes included 10-year cumulative incidence of HCC and hepatic decompensation as well as transitions in liver fibrosis risk categories based on FIB-4 scores. Statin use was defined as exposure to a cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of 30 or more. Fibrosis progression was assessed through FIB-4 group transitions (low, intermediate, and high) over time. Outcomes were analyzed using adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR) and trends in serial FIB-4 scores.
Results: The analysis included 16 501 participants (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [11.0] years; 6750 females [40.9%] and 9751 males [59.1%]) with CLD, including 3610 statin users and 12 891 nonusers. Statin users exhibited a significantly lower 10-year cumulative incidence of HCC (3.8% vs 8.0.%; risk difference, -4.2%; 95% CI, -5.3 to -3.1%) and hepatic decompensation (10.6% vs 19.5%; risk difference, -9.0%; 95% CI, -10.6 to -7.3) compared with nonusers. The aSHR was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.76) for HCC and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.91) for hepatic decompensation. Exposure to lipophilic statins and duration of statin use (≥600 cDDDs) were associated with further reductions in HCC and hepatic decompensation risks. Among 7038 patients with serial FIB-4 data, patients with intermediate baseline FIB-4 scores, 14.7% (95% CI, 13.0% to 16.6%) of statin users transitioned to the high group compared with 20.0% (95% CI, 18.6% to 21.5%) of nonusers. For patients with high baseline FIB-4 scores, 31.8% (95% CI, 28.0% to 35.9%) of statin users transitioned to the intermediate group and 7.0% (95% CI, 5.2% to 9.6%) transitioned to the low-risk group, compared to 18.8% (95% CI, 17.2% to 20.6%) and 4.3% (95% CI, 3.5% to 5.2%) of nonusers, respectively (P < .001).
Conclusions and relevance: This cohort study found that statin use was associated with a reduced risk of HCC and hepatic decompensation in patients with CLD, as well as improved FIB-4 group transitions over time. These findings provide support for the potential role of statins in prevention of HCC and liver disease progression.
논문정보
- Research article
- 2025년 03월 (BRIC 등록일 2025-03-18)
- 국내(교신)+국외 연구진
- 의약학 > 응용의학
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