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조회196

박소연Soyeun Park

계명대학교

J. Nanobiotechnol., Feb 04 2025, 23 (1) | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03104-8 Astaxanthin-loaded brain-permeable liposomes for Parkinson's disease treatment via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses

Thai-Duong Nguyen¹, Shristi Khanal², Eunhee Lee¹, Jinsol Choi¹, Ganesh Bohara², Nikesh Rimal², Dong-Young Choi^2* and Soyeun Park^1*

¹College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldae-Ro, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
²College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea

Corresponding authors
Correspondence to Dong-Young Choi or Soyeun Park.

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cardinal motor symptoms resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although current medications may alleviate its symptoms, Parkinson's disease remains incurable. Astaxanthin is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent; however, its high susceptibility to oxidative degradation and low aqueous solubility limit its therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to improve the pharmaceutical properties and neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin for Parkinson's disease treatment by using lactoferrin-conjugated astaxanthin-loaded liposomes (Lf-ASX-LPs). We successfully formulated Lf-ASX-LPs with high encapsulation efficiency (97.6%) and favorable physical characteristics (diameter: 109.8 ± 1.1 nm; polydispersity index: 0.18 ± 0.01; zeta potential: - 9.5 ± 1.1 mV). Lf-functionalized liposomes demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake and permeation in a Transwell^® study, showing a 16.7-fold higher internalization in SH-SY5Y cells over 24 h than those without Lf conjugation. Additionally, Lf functionalization enhanced brain penetration ability, as demonstrated by a biodistribution study using nude mice, compared to LPs without Lf conjugation. In vitro, Lf-ASX-LPs reduced cell loss by 20.1% and oxygen species by 30.0%, ameliorated the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential under 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced toxicity by 40.1%, and reduced extracellular nitric oxide levels under lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity by 32.0%, indicating cytoprotective and antioxidant effects. In a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model, treatment with Lf-ASX-LPs resulted in 5.0-, 3.1-, and 5.6-fold increases in dopamine levels, TH⁺ fiber density, and TH⁺ neurons, respectively, restoring dopaminergic neuron damage. The developed formulation also alleviated behavioral impairment and neuroinflammation, reducing astrocyte and microglial activation in the striatum and substantia nigra of the MPTP-treated animals. Thus, our formulation of Lf-ASX-LPs represents a promising strategy for providing neuroprotection and retarding Parkinson's disease progression.

논문정보

형식Research article
게재일2025년 02월 (BRIC 등록일 2025-02-06)
연구진국내 연구진
분야 바이오·의료융합 > 다학제 융합/복합

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