한빛사논문
Seung Hun Lee1, Jinhwan Jo2, Jeong Hoon Yang2, Sung Mok Kim3, Ki Hong Choi2, Young Bin Song2, Dong Seop Jeong4, Joo Myung Lee2, Taek Kyu Park2, Joo-Yong Hahn2, Seung-Hyuk Choi2, Su Ryeun Chung4, Yang Hyun Cho4, Kiick Sung4, Wook Sung Kim4, Hyeon- Cheol Gwon2, Young Tak Lee4
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
3Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular StrokeInstitute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
4Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Seung Hun Lee and Jinhwan Jo contributed equally as the first authors.
Jeong Hoon Yang and Sung Mok Kim contributed equally as the corresponding authors.
Correspondence: Jeong Hoon Yang, Sung Mok Kim
Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia is an aging-related condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and is an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis. The relationship between reduced muscle mass and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with advanced coronary artery disease who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is not fully understood. This study is sought to evaluate the prognostic implications of sarcopenia screening in patients undergoing CABG.
Methods
A total of 2810 patients who underwent CABG were analysed and classified according to presence of reduced muscle mass. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated as L3 muscle area (cm2)/height (m)2 on computed tomography. Reduced SMI was defined as SMI ≤ 45 cm2/m2 in male and ≤ 38 cm2/m2 in female. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test.
Results
The median follow-up was 8.7 years, and 924 patients (32.9%) had reduced SMI. Patients with reduced SMI were older (67.7 ± 8.8 vs. 62.2 ± 9.8 years; p < 0.001) and less frequently male (69.8% vs. 81.1%; p < 0.001). SMI was significantly associated with risk of death on a restricted cubic spline curve (HR = 1.04 per-1 decrease; 95% CI 1.03–1.05; p < 0.001). Patients with reduced SMI had a higher incidence of long-term mortality than those with preserved SMI (survival rate 41.4% vs. 62.8%; HRadj = 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36, p = 0.020). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognostic implication of reduced SMI on long-term survival was more evident in male (HRadj = 2.01, 95% CI 1.72–2.35) than female (HRadj = 1.28, 95% CI 0.98–1.68) (interaction p = 0.006).
Conclusions
Reduced muscle mass, defined by SMI on computed tomography, was associated with long-term mortality after CABG. These results provide contemporary data to allow the evaluation of physical frailty in patients with advanced coronary artery disease before surgery.
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