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Carbohydr. Polym., Available online 17 September 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122741 Immunomodulatory activity of red algal galactans and their partially depolymerized derivatives in RAW264.7 macrophages

Sanjida Humayun ^a, Vitalijs Rjabovs ^b,c, Elsa Easter Justine ^d, Clarisa Naa Shormeh Darko ^a, Md Musa Howlader ^a, Indrek Reile ^b, Jae Heon Sim ^d, Yeon-Ju Kim ^d, Rando Tuvikene ^a

^aSchool of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia

^bNational Institute of Chemical Physics & Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia

^cInstitute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena iela 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia

^dGraduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea

Corresponding authors : Sanjida Humayun, Yeon-Ju Kim, Rando Tuvikene

Abstract

Funoran and furcellaran were isolated through a successive cascade extraction process, followed by the depolymerization of extracted polymers via an auto-hydrolysis process. The molecular weight and structural peculiarities of both native and partially depolymerized polysaccharides were investigated using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. Immunotropic effects of the native and partially depolymerized polysaccharides were explored through various in vitro assays. Although both higher and lower molecular weight funoran exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by significantly downregulating iNOS and COX-2 gene expression, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, native funoran performed slightly better. Conversely, higher molecular weight furcellaran remarkably activated RAW264.7 cells compared to the non-treated control by inducing inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Lower molecular weight furcellaran was unable to activate the macrophages, showing a similar behavior pattern to funoran samples in LPS-treated cells. Furthermore, the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway appears to be modulated by sulfated polysaccharides, leading to both anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory responses in RAW264.7 cells through blocking and activating mechanisms. These findings indicate that sulfated polysaccharides could be promising therapeutic agents, and indeed, the molecular weight of polysaccharides plays a crucial role in the immune response of RAW264.7 macrophages.

논문정보

형식Research article
게재일2024년 09월 (BRIC 등록일 2024-11-12)
연구진국내(교신)+국외 연구진
분야 생명과학 > 세포생물학

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