한빛사논문
Min-Jeong Jang1,10, Hye Jeong Cho1,10, Young-Soo Park1, Hye-Young Lee2,3, Eun-Kyung Bae4, Seungmee Jung5, Hongshi Jin5, Jongchan Woo5, Eunsook Park5, Seo-Jin Kim1, Jin-Wook Choi 1, Geun Young Chae1, Ji-Yoon Guk1, Do Yeon Kim1, Sun-Hyung Kim1, Min-Jeong Kang4, Hyoshin Lee4, Kyeong-Seong Cheon4, In Sik Kim4, Yong-Min Kim6, Myung-Shin Kim7, Jae-Heung Ko8, Kyu-Suk Kang9, Doil Choi2, Eung-Jun Park4 & Seungill Kim1
1Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
2Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
3Department of Horticulture, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
4Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
5Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agricultural, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
6Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
7Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
8Department of Plant and Environment New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
9Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
10These authors contributed equally: Min-Jeong Jang, Hye Jeong Cho.
Corresponding authors
Correspondence to Eung-Jun Park or Seungill Kim.
Abstract
Haplotype-level allelic characterization facilitates research on the functional, evolutionary and breeding-related features of extremely large and complex plant genomes. We report a 21.7-Gb chromosome-level haplotype-resolved assembly in Pinus densiflora. We found genome rearrangements involving translocations and inversions between chromosomes 1 and 3 of Pinus species and a proliferation of specific long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) in P. densiflora. Evolutionary analyses illustrated that tandem and LTR-RT-mediated duplications led to an increment of transcription factor (TF) genes in P. densiflora. The haplotype sequence comparison showed allelic imbalances, including presence–absence variations of genes (PAV genes) and their functional contributions to flowering and abiotic stress-related traits in P. densiflora. Allele-aware resequencing analysis revealed PAV gene diversity across P. densiflora accessions. Our study provides insights into key mechanisms underlying the evolution of genome structure, LTR-RTs and TFs within the Pinus lineage as well as allelic imbalances and diversity across P. densiflora.
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