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J. Hazard. Mater., Sep 11 2024, 480 S0304-3894(24)02394-X | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135815 Deciphering the links: Fragmented polystyrene as a driver of skin inflammation

Gyeong Bae Song^a,1, Jisoo Nam ^b,1, Sangmin Ji ^a, Gijeong Woo ^c, Soojeong Park ^d, Bokyung Kim ^a, Jeein Hong ^a, Myung Gil Choi ^a, Seokheon Kim ^a, Chaerin Lee ^b, Wonchul Lim^e, Sangwoon Yoon ^a, Jeong-Min Kim ^f, Woo June Choi ^d, Mi Jung Choi ^c, Hye Ran Koh^a, Tae-Gyu Lim ^b, Sungguan Hong ^a

^aDepartment of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

^bDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

^cKorea Testing Certification Institute, Gunpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

^dDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

^eDepartment of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

^fDepartment of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹Gyeong Bae Song and Jisoo Nam contributed equally to this study.

Corresponding authors: Tae-Gyu Lim, Sungguan Hong

Abstract

Nano- and microplastics (NMPs), ubiquitous in the environment, pose significant health risks. We report for the first time a comprehensive study using in-vitro, in-vivo, and ex-vivo models to investigate the penetration and inflammatory effects of fragmented polystyrene (fPS) on human skin, including the analysis of both penetration depth and fPS amounts that penetrate the skin. Human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells exposed to fPS exhibited notable internalization and cytotoxicity. In a 3D human skin model, fPS particles penetrated the dermal layer within one hour, with an average maximum penetration of 4.7 μg for particles smaller than 2 µm. Similarly, mouse dorsal skin and human abdominal skin models confirmed fPS penetration. RNA sequencing revealed substantial upregulation of inflammatory genes, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, FOS, and JUN, following fPS exposure. These findings were validated at both the mRNA and protein levels, indicating a robust inflammatory response. Notably, the inflammatory response in both the 3D human skin and mouse models increased in a dose-dependent manner, underscoring the toxicological impact of fPS on skin health. This study provides crucial insights into the mechanisms through which NMPs affect human health and underscores the need for further research to develop effective mitigation strategies.

논문정보

형식Research article
게재일2024년 09월 (BRIC 등록일 2024-09-19)
연구진국내 연구진
분야 생명과학 > 분자생물학

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