박대훈 (가톨릭대학교 의생명과학과)

한빛사논문

조회177

가톨릭대학교 의생명과학과

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Autophagy, Aug 04 2024, | https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2024.2384349 Emerging roles of ATG9/ATG9A in autophagy: implications for cell and neurobiology

Jiyoung Choi ^a,b, Haeun Jang ^a, Zhao Xuan ^c, and Daehun Park ^a,b

^aDepartment of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea;

^bDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea;

^cSchool of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA

CONTACT: Daehun Park

Abstract

Atg9, the only transmembrane protein among many autophagy-related proteins, was first identified in the year 2000 in yeast. Two homologs of Atg9, ATG9A and ATG9B, have been found in mammals. While ATG9B shows a tissue-specific expression pattern, such as in the placenta and pituitary gland, ATG9A is ubiquitously expressed. Additionally, ATG9A deficiency leads to severe defects not only at the molecular and cellular levels but also at the organismal level, suggesting key and fundamental roles for ATG9A. The subcellular localization of ATG9A on small vesicles and its functional relevance to autophagy have suggested a potential role for ATG9A in the lipid supply during autophagosome biogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise role of ATG9A in the autophagic process has remained a long-standing mystery, especially in neurons. Recent findings, however, including structural, proteomic, and biochemical analyses, have provided new insights into its function in the expansion of the phagophore membrane. In this review, we aim to understand various aspects of ATG9 (in invertebrates and plants)/ATG9A (in mammals), including its localization, trafficking, and other functions, in nonneuronal cells and neurons by comparing recent discoveries related to ATG9/ATG9A and proposing directions for future research. Abbreviation: AP-4: adaptor protein complex 4; ATG: autophagy related; cKO: conditional knockout; CLA-1: CLArinet (functional homolog of cytomatrix at the active zone proteins piccolo and fife); cryo-EM: cryogenic electron microscopy; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; KO: knockout; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SV: synaptic vesicle; TGN: trans-Golgi network; ULK: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.

논문정보

형식Review Paper
게재일2024년 08월 (BRIC 등록일 2024-08-06)
연구진국내(교신)+국외 연구진
분야 생명과학 > 신경생물학

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