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J. Med. Virol., Jun 2024, 96 (6) | https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29740 Risks of cutaneous immune-related adverse events in long COVID: Multinational cohort studies in South Korea, Japan, and the UK

Hyejun Kim ^1,2, Seoyeon Kyung ^1,3, Jaeyu Park ^1,3, Hojae Lee ^1,3, Myeongcheol Lee ^1,3, Lee Smith ⁴, Masoud Rahmati ^5,6,7, Ju-Young Shin ⁸, Jiseung Kang ^9,10, Louis Jacob ^11,12,13, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos ^14,15, Sang Youl Rhee ^1,3,16, Jinseok Lee ¹⁷, Hyeon Jin Kim^1,3, Hayeon Lee^1,17, Dong Keon Yon^1,3,18

¹Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

²Department of Applied Information Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.

³Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.

⁴Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.

⁵Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.

⁶Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.

⁷Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.

⁸Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.

⁹Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.

¹²Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.

¹³Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases (EpiAgeing), Inserm U1153, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.

¹⁴Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

¹⁵Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

¹⁶Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

¹⁷Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University College of Electronics and Information, Yongin, South Korea.

¹⁸Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Hyejun Kim, Seoyeon Kyung, and Jaeyu Park contributed equally as first authors.

Correspondence Hyeon Jin Kim, Hayeon Lee, and Dong Keon Yon

Abstract

Previous research has not investigated the persistent cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) related to long COVID to investigate the long-term sequelae. This multinational study, using a propensity-matched overlap weighting method, utilizes large national claims-based cohorts, using ICD-10 code diagnosis, focusing on patients aged ≥20 years from three countries: South Korean, Japanese, and the British cohorts. To estimate the risk of cirAEs in long COVID, the persistence or emergence of cirAEs occurring 4 weeks after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, we employed a Cox proportional hazard regression model. The Korean cohort (n = 5,937,373; mean age 49.2 years [SD: 13.2]), the Japanese cohort (n = 4,307,587; 42.5 years [13.6]), and the UK cohort (n = 395,435; 71.0 years [8.07]) were presented. An increased risk of cirAEs in long COVID was observed (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.14) in Korean cohort, while a similar association was observed in Japanese and UK cohorts. The long-term risk of cirAEs in long COVID was higher in more severe COVID-19 cases (1.31; 1.22-1.39). Unlike the increased risk of cirAEs in long COVID, COVID-19 vaccination attenuated the risk, especially with two or more doses (1.03; 0.95-1.11) or heterologous regimens (0.98; 0.76-1.27). The time attenuation effect indicated a sustained risk for up to 6 months postinfection (<3 months: 1.13 [1.07-1.19]; 3-6 months: 1.14 [1.06-1.22]). SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of cirAEs in the aspect of long COVID. Vaccination might reduce this risk, highlighting the need for preventive strategies in long COVID management.

논문정보

형식Research article
게재일2024년 06월 (BRIC 등록일 2024-06-17)
연구진국내(교신)+국외 연구진
분야 의약학 > 감염의학

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