한빛사논문
Gawoon Shim 1,5, Isaac B. Breinyn 2,5, Alejandro Martínez-Calvo 3,4, Sameeksha Rao 1 & Daniel J. Cohen 1,*
1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08540 NJ, USA.
2Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton 08540 NJ, USA.
3Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton 08540 NJ, USA.
4Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08540 NJ, USA.
5These authors contributed equally: Gawoon Shim, Isaac B. Breinyn.
*Corresponding author: correspondence to Daniel J. Cohen
Abstract
Epithelial tissues sheath organs and electro-mechanically regulate ion and water transport to regulate development, homeostasis, and hydrostatic organ pressure. Here, we demonstrate how external electrical stimulation allows us to control these processes in living tissues. Specifically, we electrically stimulate hollow, 3D kidneyoids and gut organoids and find that physiological-strength electrical stimulation of ∼ 5 - 10 V/cm powerfully inflates hollow tissues; a process we call electro-inflation. Electro-inflation is mediated by increased ion flux through ion channels/transporters and triggers subsequent osmotic water flow into the lumen, generating hydrostatic pressure that competes against cytoskeletal tension. Our computational studies suggest that electro-inflation is strongly driven by field-induced ion crowding on the outer surface of the tissue. Electrically stimulated tissues also break symmetry in 3D resulting from electrotaxis and affecting tissue shape. The ability of electrical cues to regulate tissue size and shape emphasizes the role and importance of the electrical micro-environment for living tissues.
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