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ACS Nano, Mar 25 2024, | https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c11776 Electron-Transport-Chain-Mediated Selective Growth of Gold Nanocrystals in the Intermembrane Space of Live Microbial Cells

Yonghee Shin ^1,2, Youngwook Lim ³, A Ram Lee ^4,5, Luke P Lee ^6,7,8, Dongchoul Kim³, Mi-La Cho ^4,9, Taewook Kang^1,2

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.

²Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.

³Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.

⁴Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.

⁵Rheumatism Research Center, College of Medicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.

⁶Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.

⁷Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

⁸Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.

⁹Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.

Corresponding Author : Taewook Kang

Abstract

Hybridization of microbial cells with inorganic nanoparticles that could dramatically improve cellular functions such as electron transfer has been realized by the random attachment or stochastic entry of the nanoparticles. Clearly, the selective growth of inorganic nanoparticles on target functional organelles is ideal for such hybridization. Here, we report the selective growth of gold nanocrystals in the intermembrane space (IMS) of Escherichia coli by exploiting the electron transport chain (ETC). We systematically show that gold ions are permeated through porins in the outer membrane of E. coli and further reduced to gold nanocrystals by the ETC in live E. coli. We directly observe that the resulting gold nanocrystals exist only in the IMS by transmission electron microscopy measurements of cross-sectioned E. coli. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that once gold ions are reduced to small nuclei by the ETC, the nuclei can be stably physisorbed onto ETC complexes, further supporting the ETC-mediated growth. Finally, we show that the ATP synthesis of E. coli where gold nanocrystals are formed in the IMS is up to 9 times higher than that of E. coli alone. We believe that our work can significantly contribute to not only improving microbial metabolic functions for biological energy conversion but also restoring physiological dysfunctions of microbial cells for biomedicine.

논문정보

형식Research article
게재일2024년 03월 (BRIC 등록일 2024-03-27)
연구진국내(교신)+국외 연구진
분야 바이오·의료융합 > 바이오센싱 및 나노바이오물질

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