한빛사논문
- 조회319
Wuhyun Koh 1,3, Hankyul Kwak 2,3, Eunji Cheong 2,* & C. Justin Lee 1,*
1Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
2Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
3These authors contributed equally: Wuhyun Koh, Hankyul Kwak.
*Corresponding author: correspondence to Eunji Cheong or C. Justin Lee
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter released at GABAergic synapses, mediating fast-acting phasic inhibition. Emerging lines of evidence unequivocally indicate that a small amount of extracellular GABA — GABA tone — exists in the brain and induces a tonic GABA current that controls neuronal activity on a slow timescale relative to that of phasic inhibition. Surprisingly, studies indicate that glial cells that synthesize GABA, such as astrocytes, release GABA through non-vesicular mechanisms, such as channel-mediated release, and thereby act as the source of GABA tone in the brain. In this Review, we first provide an overview of major advances in our understanding of the cell-specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of GABA synthesis, release and clearance that regulate GABA tone in various brain regions. We next examine the diverse ways in which the tonic GABA current regulates synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity through extrasynaptic GABAA-receptor-mediated mechanisms. Last, we discuss the physiological mechanisms through which tonic inhibition modulates cognitive function on a slow timescale. In this Review, we emphasize that the cognitive functions of tonic GABA current extend beyond mere inhibition, laying a foundation for future research on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of GABA tone regulation in normal and abnormal psychiatric conditions.
논문정보
- Review Paper
- 2023년 07월 (BRIC 등록일 2023-08-04)
- 국내 연구진
- 생명과학 > 세포생물학
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