한빛사논문
Kristi Yoonsup Lee1,2,10, Saudamini Vishwanath Dabak3,10, Vivian Hanxiao Kong1,2,10, Minah Park4,5,10, Shirley L. L. Kwok1,2,10, Madison Silzle3, Chayapat Rachatan3, Alex Cook5, Aly Passanante6, Ed Pertwee6, Zhengdong Wu1,2, Javier A. Elkin7, Heidi J. Larson6,8, Eric H. Y. Lau1,2, Kathy Leung1,2,9,11, Joseph T. Wu1,2,9,11 and Leesa Lin1,2,6,11
1Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
2WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
3Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
4Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
5Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
6Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
7Department of Digital Health and Innovation, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland.
8Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
9The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
10These authors contributed equally: Kristi Yoonsup Lee, Saudamini Vishwanath Dabak, Vivian Hanxiao Kong, Minah Park, Shirley L. L. Kwok.
11These authors jointly supervised this work: Kathy Leung, Joseph T. Wu, Leesa Lin.
Corresponding authors : Correspondence to Kathy Leung, Joseph T. Wu or Leesa Lin.
Abstract
Chatbots have become an increasingly popular tool in the field of health services and communications. Despite chatbots' significance amid the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies have performed a rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of chatbots in improving vaccine confidence and acceptance. In Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore, from February 11th to June 30th, 2022, we conducted multisite randomised controlled trials (RCT) on 2,045 adult guardians of children and seniors who were unvaccinated or had delayed vaccinations. After a week of using COVID-19 vaccine chatbots, the differences in vaccine confidence and acceptance were compared between the intervention and control groups. Compared to non-users, fewer chatbot users reported decreased confidence in vaccine effectiveness in the Thailand child group [Intervention: 4.3 % vs. Control: 17%, P = 0.023]. However, more chatbot users reported decreased vaccine acceptance [26% vs. 12%, P = 0.028] in Hong Kong child group and decreased vaccine confidence in safety [29% vs. 10%, P = 0.041] in Singapore child group. There was no statistically significant change in vaccine confidence or acceptance in the Hong Kong senior group. Employing the RE-AIM framework, process evaluation indicated strong acceptance and implementation support for vaccine chatbots from stakeholders, with high levels of sustainability and scalability. This multisite, parallel RCT study on vaccine chatbots found mixed success in improving vaccine confidence and acceptance among unvaccinated Asian subpopulations. Further studies that link chatbot usage and real-world vaccine uptake are needed to augment evidence for employing vaccine chatbots to advance vaccine confidence and acceptance.
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