한빛사논문
Kang-Hoon Kim1,2,7, Jubeen Yoon1,2,7, Christian P. Macks1,2,7, Han-Eol Park1,2,3, Jihyun Youn1,2,4, Jung-uk Lee1,2, Minji An1,2, Jongseong Park1,2, Jaewon Ko5,6, and Chang Ho Sohn1,2*
1Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
2Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
3School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
4Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
5Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
6Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
7These authors contributed equally to this work.
* Corresponding author: Chang Ho Sohn
Abstract
To understand how the molecular machinery of synapses works, it is essential to determine an inventory of synaptic proteins at a subsynaptic resolution. Nevertheless, synaptic proteins are difficult to localize because of the low expression levels and limited access to immunostaining epitopes. Here, we report on the exTEM (epitope-exposed by expansion-transmission electron microscopy) method that enables the imaging of synaptic proteins in situ. This method combines TEM with nanoscale resolution and expandable tissue-hydrogel hybrids for enhanced immunolabeling with better epitope accessibility via molecular decrowding, allowing successful probing of the distribution of various synapse-organizing proteins. We propose that exTEM can be employed for studying the mechanisms underlying the regulation of synaptic architecture and function by providing nanoscale molecular distribution of synaptic proteins in situ. We also envision that exTEM is widely applicable for investigating protein nanostructures located in densely packed environments by immunostaining of commercially available antibodies at nanometer resolution.
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