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J. Med. Virol., First published: 08 February 2023 | https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28558 Comparable humoral and cellular immunity against Omicron variant BA.4/5 of once-boosted BA.1/2 convalescents and twice-boosted COVID-19-naïve individuals

Chang Kyung Kang¹, Min‐Gang Kim^2,3,4, Seong‐wook Park⁵, Yong‐Woo Kim⁶, Chan Mi Lee¹, Pyoeng Gyun Choe¹, Wan Beom Park¹, Nam Joong Kim¹, Minji Kim^2,3,4, Soojin Lee^2,3,4, Ik Soo Kim⁷, Chang‐Han Lee^2,4,5,6,8,9, Hyun Mu Shin^2,4,6, Hang‐Rae Kim^2,3,4,6,10, Myoung‐don Oh¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
²Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
³Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
⁴BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
⁵Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
⁶Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
⁷Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
⁸Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
⁹Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹⁰Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Chang Kyung Kang, Min-Gang Kim, Seong-wook Park, and Yong-Woo Kim contributed equally to this study.
CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Chang-Han Lee, Hyun Mu Shin, Hang-Rae Kim, Myoung-Don Oh

Abstract

The fourth vaccination dose confers additional protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with no prior coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, its immunological benefit against currently circulating BA.4/5 is unclear in individuals who have received a booster shot and been infected with Omicron variant BA.1/2. We analyzed immune responses in whom had been boosted once and did not have COVID-19 (n = 16), boosted once and had COVID-19 when BA.1/2 was dominant in the Korea (Hybrid-6M group, n = 27), and boosted twice and did not have COVID-19 (Vx4 group, n = 15). Antibody binding activities against RBD_{o BA.1} and RBD_o.BA.4/5 , antigen-specific memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell responses against BA.4/5, and B-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type did not differ statistically between the Hybrid-6M and Vx4 groups. The humoral and cellular immune responses of the Hybrid-6M group against BA.4/5 were comparable to those of the Vx4 group. Individuals who had been boosted and had an Omicron infection in early 2022 may not have high priority for an additional vaccination.

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