한빛사논문
Seong A. Kim a,b,1, Yeram Lee c,1, Yeju Ko c,1, Seohyun Kim d, Gi Beom Kim d, Na Kyeong Lee b, Wonkyung Ahn c, Nayeon Kim c, Gi-Hoon Nam d,e, Eun Jung Lee c, In-San Kim a,b,c
aKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
bChemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
dDepartment of Research and Development, SHIFTBIO INC., Seoul, Republic of Korea
eDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Corresponding authors: Eun Jung Lee, In-San Kim
Abstract
Protein nanocages have attracted considerable attention in various fields of nanomedicine due to their intrinsic properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, high structural stability, and ease of modification of their surfaces and inner cavities. In vaccine development, these protein nanocages are suited for efficient targeting to and retention in the lymph nodes and can enhance immunogenicity through various mechanisms, including excellent uptake by antigen-presenting cells and crosslinking with multiple B cell receptors. This review highlights the superiority of protein nanocages as antigen delivery carriers based on their physiological and immunological properties such as biodistribution, immunogenicity, stability, and multifunctionality. With a focus on design, we discuss the utilization and efficacy of protein nanocages such as virus-like particles, caged proteins, and artificial caged proteins against cancer and infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, we summarize available knowledge on the protein nanocages that are currently used in clinical trials and provide a general outlook on conventional distribution techniques and hurdles faced, particularly for therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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