한빛사논문
Dohoon Lee 1,2, Jeewon Yang 3 & Sun Kim 3,4,5,6
1Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
2BK21 FOUR Intelligence Computing, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
3Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
4Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
5Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
6AIGENDRUG Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Corresponding author : Correspondence to Sun Kim.
Abstract
The quantitative characterization of the transcriptional control by histone modifications has been challenged by many computational studies, but most of them only focus on narrow and linear genomic regions around promoters, leaving a room for improvement. We present Chromoformer, a transformer-based, three-dimensional chromatin conformation-aware deep learning architecture that achieves the state-of-the-art performance in the quantitative deciphering of the histone codes in gene regulation. The core essence of Chromoformer architecture lies in the three variants of attention operation, each specialized to model individual hierarchy of transcriptional regulation involving from core promoters to distal elements in contact with promoters through three-dimensional chromatin interactions. In-depth interpretation of Chromoformer reveals that it adaptively utilizes the long-range dependencies between histone modifications associated with transcription initiation and elongation. We also show that the quantitative kinetics of transcription factories and Polycomb group bodies can be captured by Chromoformer. Together, our study highlights the great advantage of attention-based deep modeling of complex interactions in epigenomes.
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