한빛사논문
Hyung Seok Kim1,6, Min Jeong Na1,2,3,6, Keun Hong Son4, Hee Doo Yang2,5, Sang Yean Kim2,5, Eunbi Shin1,2,3, Jin Woong Ha1,2,3, Soyoung Jeon1,2,3, Keunsoo Kang4, Kiho Moon5, Won Sang Park1,2 and Suk Woo Nam1,2,3,5
1Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
2Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
3Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
4Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
5NEORNAT Inc., Rm. #5104 Bldg. A, Omnibus Park, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
6These authors contributed equally: Hyung Seok Kim, Min Jeong Na
Corresponding author :Correspondence to Suk Woo Nam.
Abstract
Aberrant adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA (ADAR), has been implicated in various cancers, but the mechanisms by which microRNA (miRNA) editing contributes to cancer development are largely unknown. Our multistage hepatocellular carcinogenesis transcriptome data analyses, together with publicly available data, indicated that ADAR1 was the most profoundly dysregulated gene among RNA-editing enzyme family members in liver cancer. Targeted inactivation of ADAR1 inhibited the in vitro tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells. An integrative computational analyses of RNA-edited hotspots and the known editing frequency of miRNAs suggested that the miRNA miR-3144-3p was edited by ADAR1 during liver cancer progression. Specifically, ADAR1 promoted A-to-I editing of canonical miR-3144-3p to replace the adenosine at Position 3 in the seed region with a guanine (ED_miR-3144-3p(3_A < G)) in liver cancer cells. We then demonstrated that Musashi RNA-binding protein 2 (MSI2) was a specific target of miR-3144-3p and that MSI2 overexpression was due to excessive ADAR1-dependent over-editing of canonical miR-3144-3p in liver cancer. In addition, target prediction analyses and validation experiments identified solute carrier family 38 member 4 (SLC38A4) as a specific gene target of ED_miR-3144-3p(3_A < G). The ectopic expression of both ADAR1 and the ED_miR-3144-3p(3_A < G) mimic enhanced mitotic activities, and ADAR1 suppressed SLC38A4 expression in liver cancer cells. Treatments with mouse-specific ADAR1-, MSI2-siRNA-, or SLC38A4-expressing plasmids suppressed tumorigenesis and tumor growth in a mouse model of spontaneous liver cancer. Our findings suggest that the aberrant regulation of ADAR1 augments oncogenic MSI2 effects by excessively editing canonical miR-3144-3p and that the resultant ED_miR-3144-3p(3_A < G) simultaneously suppresses tumor suppressor SLC38A4 expression, contributing to hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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