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Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022 Sep 23 | doi: 10.1039/d2cs0065 Fluorescent probes for the detection of chemical warfare agents

Wen-Qi Meng,^†*a Adam C. Sedgwick,^†f Nahyun Kwon,^c Mingxue Sun, ^a Kai Xiao,^*a Xiao-Peng He,^*b,h,i Eric V. Anslyn, ^*g Tony D. James ^*d,e and Juyoung Yoon^*c

^*Corresponding authors
^aDepartment of Protective Medicine Against Chemical Agents, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangying Rd., Shanghai 200433, China
^bKey Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
^cDepartment of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
^dDepartment of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
^eSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
^fChemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, UK
^gDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
^hThe International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
ⁱNational Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China

Abstract

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are toxic chemicals that have been intentionally developed for targeted and deadly use on humans. Although intended for military targets, the use of CWAs more often than not results in mass civilian casualties. To prevent further atrocities from occurring during conflicts, a global ban was implemented through the chemical weapons convention, with the aim of eliminating the development, stockpiling, and use of CWAs. Unfortunately, because of their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture and effectiveness on mass populations, CWAs still exist in today's world. CWAs have been used in several recent terrorist-related incidents and conflicts (e.g., Syria). Therefore, they continue to remain serious threats to public health and safety and to global peace and stability. Analytical methods that can accurately detect CWAs are essential to global security measures and for forensic analysis. Small molecule fluorescent probes have emerged as attractive chemical tools for CWA detection, due to their simplicity, ease of use, excellent selectivity and high sensitivity, as well as their ability to be translated into handheld devices. This includes the ability to non-invasively image CWA distribution within living systems (in vitro and in vivo) to permit in-depth evaluation of their biological interactions and allow potential identification of therapeutic countermeasures. In this review, we provide an overview of the various reported fluorescent probes that have been designed for the detection of CWAs. The mechanism for CWA detection, change in optical output and application for each fluorescent probe are described in detail. The limitations and challenges of currently developed fluorescent probes are discussed providing insight into the future development of this research area. We hope the information provided in this review will give readers a clear understanding of how to design a fluorescent probe for the detection of a specific CWA. We anticipate that this will advance our security systems and provide new tools for environmental and toxicology monitoring.

논문정보

형식Review Paper
게재일2022년 09월 (BRIC 등록일 2022-12-19)
연구진국내(교신)+국외 연구진
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