한빛사논문
Fazlurrahman Khan 1 2, Priyanka Singh 3, Abhayraj S Joshi 3, Nazia Tabassum 4, Geum-Jae Jeong 5, Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi 6, Ivan Mijakovic 3 7, Young-Mog Kim 1 2 5
1Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
2Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
3The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
4Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
5Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
6Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Tangalle, Sri Lanka.
7Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Correspondence: Fazlurrahman Khan, Young-Mog Kim
Abstract
Nisin is a naturally occurring bioactive small peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and belongs to the Type A (I) lantibiotics. Due to its potent antimicrobial activity, it has been broadly employed to preserve various food materials as well as to combat a variety of microbial pathogens. The present review discusses the antimicrobial properties of nisin and different types of their derivatives employed to treat microbial pathogens with a detailed underlying mechanism of action. Several alternative strategies such as combination, conjugation, and nanoformulations have been discussed in order to address several issues such as rapid degradation, instability, and reduced activity due to the various environmental factors that arise in the applications of nisin. Furthermore, the evolutionary relationship of many nisin genes from different nisin-producing bacterial species has been investigated. A detailed description of the natural and bioengineered nisin variants, as well as the underlying action mechanisms, has also been provided. The chemistry used to apply nisin in conjugation with natural or synthetic compounds as a synergetic mode of antimicrobial action has also been thoroughly discussed. The current review will be useful in learning about recent and past research that has been performed on nisin and its derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
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