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Stanford University

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Cell, Volume 185, Issue 1, 6 January 2022, Pages 145-157.e13 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.001 A segmentation clock patterns cellular differentiation in a bacterial biofilm

Kwang-Tao Chou^1,6, Dong-yeon D. Lee^2,6, Jian-geng Chiou^1,6, Leticia Galera-Laporta¹, San Ly¹, Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo^3,7, Gürol M. Süel^1,4,5,7,8,*

¹Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
²Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
³Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
⁴San Diego Center for Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
⁵Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
⁶These authors contributed equally
⁷Senior author
⁸Lead contact

^*Corresponding author

Abstract

Contrary to multicellular organisms that display segmentation during development, communities of unicellular organisms are believed to be devoid of such sophisticated patterning. Unexpectedly, we find that the gene expression underlying the nitrogen stress response of a developing Bacillus subtilis biofilm becomes organized into a ring-like pattern. Mathematical modeling and genetic probing of the underlying circuit indicate that this patterning is generated by a clock and wavefront mechanism, similar to that driving vertebrate somitogenesis. We experimentally validated this hypothesis by showing that predicted nutrient conditions can even lead to multiple concentric rings, resembling segments. We additionally confirmed that this patterning mechanism is driven by cell-autonomous oscillations. Importantly, we show that the clock and wavefront process also spatially patterns sporulation within the biofilm. Together, these findings reveal a biofilm segmentation clock that organizes cellular differentiation in space and time, thereby challenging the paradigm that such patterning mechanisms are exclusive to plant and animal development.

Keywords : clock and wavefront, segmentation clock, somitogenesis, Bacillus subtilis, biofilm, nitrogen stress response, sporulation, pattern formation, multicellularity

논문정보

형식Research article
게재일2022년 01월 (BRIC 등록일 2022-02-22)
연구진국외 연구진
분야 생명과학 > 미생물학

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