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Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., Volume 179, December 2021, 114021 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.114021 Oral nanomedicine for modulating immunity, intestinal barrier functions, and gut microbiome

Yonghyun Lee^a,b,*, Nobuhiko Kamada^c, James J. Moon^d,e,f,*

^aDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
^bGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
^cDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
^dDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
^eDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
^fBiointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

^*Corresponding author.

Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) affects not only local diseases in the GIT but also various systemic diseases. Factors that can affect the health and disease of both GIT and the human body include 1) the mucosal immune system composed of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues and the lamina propria, 2) the intestinal barrier composed of mucus and intestinal epithelium, and 3) the gut microbiota. Selective delivery of drugs, including antigens, immune-modulators, intestinal barrier enhancers, and gut-microbiome manipulators, has shown promising results for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and other systemic diseases, including cancer. However, physicochemical and biological barriers of the GIT present significant challenges for successful translation. With the advances of novel nanomaterials, oral nanomedicine has emerged as an attractive option to not only overcome these barriers but also to selectively deliver drugs to the target sites in GIT. In this review, we discuss the GIT factors and physicochemical and biological barriers in the GIT. Furthermore, we present the recent progress of oral nanomedicine for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, and anti-inflammation therapies. We also discuss recent advances in oral nanomedicine designed to fortify the intestinal barrier functions and modulate the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Finally, we opine about the future directions of oral nano-immunotherapy.

논문정보

형식Review Paper
게재일2021년 12월 (BRIC 등록일 2022-01-07)
연구진국내(교신)+국외 연구진
분야 의약학 > 약학

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