한빛사논문
- 조회1,374
Fan Zhang1,15, Chao Ning2,15,*, Ashley Scott2,15, Qiaomei Fu3, Rasmus Bjørn2, Wenying Li4, Dong Wei5, Wenjun Wang3, Linyuan Fan1, Idilisi Abuduresule4, Xingjun Hu4, Qiurong Ruan4, Alipujiang Niyazi4, Guanghui Dong6, Peng Cao3, Feng Liu3, Qingyan Dai3, Xiaotian Feng3, Ruowei Yang3, Zihua Tang7, Pengcheng Ma1, Chunxiang Li1, Shizhu Gao8, Yang Xu1, Sihao Wu1, Shaoqing Wen9, Hong Zhu5, Hui Zhou1, Martine Robbeets2, Vikas Kumar3, Johannes Krause2,10,*, Christina Warinner2,11,*, Choongwon Jeong12,* & Yinqiu Cui1,13,14 ,*
1School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China. 2Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany. 3Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 4Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Ürümqi, China. 5School of Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, China. 6MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems, College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. 7Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 8College of Pharmacia Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China. 9Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 10Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. 11Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. 12School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 13Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China. 14Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China. 15These authors contributed equally: Fan Zhang, Chao Ning, Ashley Scott.
*Corresponding author.
Abstract
The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious1. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000–2800 BC from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100–1700 BC from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early–Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry. The Tarim individuals from the site of Xiaohe further exhibit strong evidence of milk proteins in their dental calculus, indicating a reliance on dairy pastoralism at the site since its founding. Our results do not support previous hypotheses for the origin of the Tarim mummies, who were argued to be Proto-Tocharian-speaking pastoralists descended from the Afanasievo1,2 or to have originated among the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex3 or Inner Asian Mountain Corridor cultures4. Instead, although Tocharian may have been plausibly introduced to the Dzungarian Basin by Afanasievo migrants during the Early Bronze Age, we find that the earliest Tarim Basin cultures appear to have arisen from a genetically isolated local population that adopted neighbouring pastoralist and agriculturalist practices, which allowed them to settle and thrive along the shifting riverine oases of the Taklamakan Desert.
논문정보
- Research article
- 2021년 10월 (BRIC 등록일 2021-12-07)
- 국내(교신)+국외 연구진
- 생명과학 > 분류/생태/환경생물학
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