한빛사논문
Geun Young Chae1,†, Woo-Jong Hong2,†, Min Jeong Jang1, Ki-Hong Jung2,* and Seungill Kim1,*
1Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea and 2Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Correspondence may also be addressed to Ki-Hong Jung.
†The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as Joint First Authors
Abstract
Transposable element (TE)-derived genes are increasingly recognized as major sources conferring essential traits in agriculturally important crops but underlying evolutionary mechanisms remain obscure. We updated previous annotations and constructed 18,744 FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) genes, a transcription factor family derived from Mutator-like elements (MULEs), from 80 plant species, including 15,546 genes omitted in previous annotations. In-depth sequence comparison of the updated gene repertoire revealed that FAR1 genes underwent continuous structural divergence via frameshift and nonsense mutations that caused premature translation termination or specific domain truncations. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing and transcriptome analysis determined a novel gene involved in fertility-regulating transcription of rice pollen, denoting the functional capacity of our re-annotated gene models especially in monocots which had the highest copy numbers. Genomic evidence showed that the functional gene adapted by obtaining a shortened form through a frameshift mutation caused by a tandem duplication of a 79-bp sequence resulting in premature translation termination. Our findings provide improved resources for comprehensive studies of FAR1 genes with beneficial agricultural traits and unveil novel evolutionary mechanisms generating structural divergence and subsequent adaptation of TE-derived genes in plants.
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