한빛사논문
한국과학기술연구원
Keunsoo Jeong,1,† Dojin Kim,1,† Hyun Jun Kim,1,2,† Yong-Deok Lee,1,3,† Jounghyun Yoo,1 Dohyub Jang,1,4,5 Seokyung Lee,1 Hyeonjong Park,1,2 Youngsun Kim,1 Ajay Singh,6 Dong June Ahn,3,4,7 Dong Ha Kim,5 Joona Bang,3 Jungahn Kim,2 Paras N. Prasad,6,* and Sehoon Kim1,7,*
1Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
2Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
3Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
4Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
5Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
6Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics and the Department of Chemistry, State University of New York Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
7KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
†These authors contributed equally
*Corresponding authors
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures are promising for ultrasound-triggered drug delivery and treatment, called sonotheranostics. Structures based on plasmonic nanoparticles for photothermal-induced microbubble inflation for ultrasound imaging exist. However, they have limited therapeutic applications because of short microbubble lifetimes and limited contrast. Photochemistry-based sonotheranostics is an attractive alternative, but building near-infrared (NIR)-responsive echogenic nanostructures for deep tissue applications is challenging because photolysis requires high-energy (UV–visible) photons. Here, we report a photochemistry-based echogenic nanoparticle for in situ NIR-controlled ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Our nanoparticle has an upconversion nanoparticle core and an organic shell carrying gas generator molecules and drugs. The core converts low-energy NIR photons into ultraviolet emission for photolysis of the gas generator. Carbon dioxide gases generated in the tumor-penetrated nanoparticle inflate into microbubbles for sonotheranostics. Using different NIR laser power allows dual-modal upconversion luminescence planar imaging and cross-sectional ultrasonography. Low-frequency (10 MHz) ultrasound stimulated microbubble collapse, releasing drugs deep inside the tumor through cavitation-induced transport. We believe that the photoechogenic inflatable hierarchical nanostructure approach introduced here can have broad applications for image-guided multimodal theranostics.
KEYWORDS: ultrasound, upconversion, near-infrared, microbubble, nanohybrid
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