한빛사논문
Taejeong Songa, James W. McNamaraa,1,2, Weikang Mab, Maicon Landim-Vieirac, Kyoung Hwan Leed,3, Lisa A. Martina, Judith A. Heinye, John N. Lorenze, Roger Craigd, Jose Renato Pintoc, Thomas Irvingb,
and Sakthivel Sadayappana,4
aDivision of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267; bBiophysics Collaborative Access Team, Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616; cDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306; dDivision of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and eDepartment of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
1Present address: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia.
2Present address: Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
3Present address: Massachusetts Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655.
4To whom correspondence may be addressed.
Abstract
Fast skeletal myosin-binding protein-C (fMyBP-C) is one of three MyBP-C paralogs and is predominantly expressed in fast skeletal muscle. Mutations in the gene that encodes fMyBP-C, MYBPC2, are associated with distal arthrogryposis, while loss of fMyBP-C protein is associated with diseased muscle. However, the functional and structural roles of fMyBP-C in skeletal muscle remain unclear. To address this gap, we generated a homozygous fMyBP-C knockout mouse (C2−/−) and characterized it both in vivo and in vitro compared to wild-type mice. Ablation of fMyBP-C was benign in terms of muscle weight, fiber type, cross-sectional area, and sarcomere ultrastructure. However, grip strength and plantar flexor muscle strength were significantly decreased in C2−/− mice. Peak isometric tetanic force and isotonic speed of contraction were significantly reduced in isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) from C2−/− mice. Small-angle X-ray diffraction of C2−/− EDL muscle showed significantly increased equatorial intensity ratio during contraction, indicating a greater shift of myosin heads toward actin, while MLL4 layer line intensity was decreased at rest, indicating less ordered myosin heads. Interfilament lattice spacing increased significantly in C2−/− EDL muscle. Consistent with these findings, we observed a significant reduction of steady-state isometric force during Ca2+-activation, decreased myofilament calcium sensitivity, and sinusoidal stiffness in skinned EDL muscle fibers from C2−/− mice. Finally, C2−/− muscles displayed disruption of inflammatory and regenerative pathways, along with increased muscle damage upon mechanical overload. Together, our data suggest that fMyBP-C is essential for maximal speed and force of contraction, sarcomere integrity, and calcium sensitivity in fast-twitch muscle.
MYBPC2, fMyBP-C, skeletal muscle, distal arthrogryposis, contraction
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