한빛사논문
Chungwon Parka, Xingxiang Chena, Chong-Li Tianb,c, Gyu Nam Parkd,e, Nicolas Chenouardf, Hunki Leea,g, Xin Yi Yeoh,i, Sangyong Jungh,j, Richard W. Tsienk,1, Guo-Qiang Bib,c, and Hyokeun Parka,l,m,1
aDivision of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong; bSchool of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230052 Anhui, China; cChinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230052 Anhui, China; dDepartment of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Korea; eCreative Research Initiative Center for Chemical Dynamics in Living Cells, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Korea; fCNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; gInstitute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; hSingapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 138667 Singapore; iDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; jDepartment of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; kDepartment of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016; lDepartment of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong; and mState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong
1To whom correspondence may be addressed.
Abstract
Maintaining the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition is essential for proper function of the central nervous system. Inhibitory synaptic transmission plays an important role in maintaining this balance. Although inhibitory transmission has higher kinetic demands compared to excitatory transmission, its properties are poorly understood. In particular, the dynamics and exocytosis of single inhibitory vesicles have not been investigated, due largely to both technical and practical limitations. Using a combination of quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to antibodies against the luminal domain of the vesicular GABA transporter to selectively label GABAergic (i.e., predominantly inhibitory) vesicles together with dual-focus imaging optics, we tracked the real-time three-dimensional position of single GABAergic vesicles up to the moment of exocytosis (i.e., fusion). Using three-dimensional trajectories, we found that GABAergic synaptic vesicles traveled a shorter distance prior to fusion and had a shorter time to fusion compared to synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1)-labeled vesicles, which were mostly from excitatory neurons. Moreover, our analysis revealed that GABAergic synaptic vesicles move more straightly to their release sites than Syt1-labeled vesicles. Finally, we found that GABAergic vesicles have a higher prevalence of kiss-and-run fusion than Syt1-labeled vesicles. These results indicate that inhibitory synaptic vesicles have a unique set of dynamics and exocytosis properties to support rapid synaptic inhibition, thereby maintaining a tightly regulated coordination between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system.
synaptic vesicles, dynamics, exocytosis, three-dimensional tracking, inhibitory synaptic transmission
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