한빛사논문
Yoonseok Park1,2,*, Colin K. Franz3,4,5,*, Hanjun Ryu1,6,*, Haiwen Luan1,7,8,9,*, Kristen Y. Cotton3,*, Jong Uk Kim1,10, Ted S. Chung1,11, Shiwei Zhao7,8,9,12, Abraham Vazquez-Guardado1,2, Da Som Yang1, Kan Li7,8,9,13, Raudel Avila7,8,9, Jack K. Phillips14,15, Maria J. Quezada3,11, Hokyung Jang16, Sung Soo Kwak1,6, Sang Min Won17, Kyeongha Kwon18, Hyoyoung Jeong1, Amay J. Bandodkar1, Mengdi Han19, Hangbo Zhao1,20, Gabrielle R. Osher14, Heling Wang7,8,9, KunHyuck Lee1, Yihui Zhang21, Yonggang Huang1,7,8,9,†, John D. Finan14,22,† and John A. Rogers1,2,79,11,23,24,25,†
1Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
2Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
3Regenerative Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
4Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
5The Ken&Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
6School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
7Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
8Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
9Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
10School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
11Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
12School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.
13Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
14Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
15Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
16Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
17Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
18School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
19Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
20Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
21Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
22Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
23Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
24Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
25Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
†Corresponding author.
*These authors contributed equally to this work.
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D), submillimeter-scale constructs of neural cells, known as cortical spheroids, are of rapidly growing importance in biological research because these systems reproduce complex features of the brain in vitro. Despite their great potential for studies of neurodevelopment and neurological disease modeling, 3D living objects cannot be studied easily using conventional approaches to neuromodulation, sensing, and manipulation. Here, we introduce classes of microfabricated 3D frameworks as compliant, multifunctional neural interfaces to spheroids and to assembloids. Electrical, optical, chemical, and thermal interfaces to cortical spheroids demonstrate some of the capabilities. Complex architectures and high-resolution features highlight the design versatility. Detailed studies of the spreading of coordinated bursting events across the surface of an isolated cortical spheroid and of the cascade of processes associated with formation and regrowth of bridging tissues across a pair of such spheroids represent two of the many opportunities in basic neuroscience research enabled by these platforms.
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