한빛사논문
Sung Hoon Baik,1,3 Seokjo Kang,1,3 Woochan Lee,2 Hayoung Choi,1 Sunwoo Chung,1 Jong-Il Kim,2 and Inhee Mook-Jung1,4,*
1 Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu,Seoul 03080, South Korea
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080,South Korea
3 These authors contributed equally
4 Lead Contact
*Corresponding author
Abstract
Reactive microglia are a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the exact role of microglia in AD pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, using metabolic profiling, we found that exposure to amyloid-β triggers acute microglial inflammation accompanied by metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. It was dependent on the mTOR-HIF-1α pathway. However, once activated, microglia reached a chronic tolerant phase as a result of broad defects in energy metabolisms and subsequently diminished immune responses, including cytokine secretion and phagocytosis. Using genome-wide RNA sequencing and multiphoton microscopy techniques, we further identified metabolically defective microglia in 5XFAD mice, an AD mouse model. Finally, we showed that metabolic boosting with recombinant interferon-γ treatment reversed the defective glycolytic metabolism and inflammatory functions of microglia, thereby mitigating the AD pathology of 5XFAD mice. Collectively, metabolic reprogramming is crucial for microglial functions in AD, and modulating metabolism might be a new therapeutic strategy for AD.
Keywords : Alzheimer's disease; microglia; aerobic glycolysis; OXPHOS; amyloid-β; mTOR; HIF-1α; IFN-γ
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