Sa-Hyun Kim1,†, Min Ho Lee2,†, Min Park3, Hyun Jun Woo2, Yoon Suk Kim2, Nagendran Tharmalingam4, Woo-Duck Seo5 and Jong-Bae Kim2,*
1Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
2Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
3Department of Biomedical laboratory science, Daekyeung University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
4Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
5Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
*Correspondence to Professor Jong Bae Kim, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Scope
: Black rice extract (BRE) contains cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin, as the major component. In this study, we found that BRE inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of genes encoding cytotoxin-associated protein A (cagA) and vacuolating protein A (vacA) in Helicobacter pylori 60190 strain.
Methods and results
: We performed RT-PCR and western blotting to show that BRE inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of SecA. Because SecA is involved in VacA export in bacteria, our result suggested a positive correlation between BRE-induced inhibition of secA expression and VacA secretion. Further, we performed MTT assay and flow cytometry to show that BRE decreased the apoptosis of H. pylori-infected KATO III cells. Finally, we performed western blotting to show that the cell-protective effect of BRE was associated with decreased levels of active proapoptotic proteins caspases and PARP and increased levels of antiapoptotic proteins survivin and XIAP in H. pylori-infected cells.
Conclusion
: Thus, our results indicate that BRE acts as a potent inhibitor of the biogenesis of H. pylori virulence proteins and decreases the apoptosis of H. pylori-infected cells. Moreover, our results suggest that BRE can be used to exert beneficial effects in patients with gastroduodenal diseases caused by H. pylori.
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Keywords : anthocyanin; black rice; cyanidin 3-O-glucoside; Helicobacter pylori; secretion system