Gunchul Shin,^1,17 Adrian M. Gomez,^2,17 Ream Al-Hasani,^2,17 Yu Ra Jeong,^3,17 Jeonghyun Kim,^1,17 Zhaoqian Xie,^4,5,17 Anthony Banks,¹ Seung Min Lee,¹ Sang Youn Han,^1,6 Chul Jong Yoo,⁷ Jong-Lam Lee,⁷ Seung Hee Lee,⁷ Jonas Kurniawan,¹ Jacob Tureb,¹ Zhongzhu Guo,¹ Jangyeol Yoon,¹ Sung-Il Park,⁸ Sang Yun Bang,⁹ Yoonho Nam,¹ Marie C. Walicki,² Vijay K. Samineni,^2,10 Aaron D. Mickle,^2,10 Kunhyuk Lee,¹ Seung Yun Heo,¹ Jordan G. McCall,^2,10 Taisong Pan,¹¹ Liang Wang,¹² Xue Feng,⁵ Tae-il Kim,¹³ Jong Kyu Kim,⁶ Yuhang Li,¹⁴ Yonggang Huang,⁴ Robert W. Gereau IV,^2,10,15,16 Jeong Sook Ha,^3,* Michael R. Bruchas,^{2,10,15,16,18,*} and John A. Rogers<sup>1,*

1</sup>Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
²Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
³Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
⁴Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
⁵AML, Department of Engineering Mathematics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
⁶Display Research Center, Samsung Display Co., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-920, Republic of Korea
⁷Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
⁸Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
⁹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
¹⁰Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
¹¹State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, People’s Republic of China
¹²Institute of Chemical Machinery and Process Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
¹³School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
¹⁴Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
¹⁵Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
¹⁶Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
¹⁷Co-first author
¹⁸Lead Contact

^*Correspondence: Jeong Sook Ha, Michael R. Bruchas, John A. Rogers

Summary
In vivo optogenetics provides unique, powerful capabilities in the dissection of neural circuits implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Conventional hardware for such studies, however, physically tethers the experimental animal to an external light source, limiting the range of possible experiments. Emerging wireless options offer important capabilities that avoid some of these limitations, but the current size, bulk, weight, and wireless area of coverage is often disadvantageous. Here, we present a simple but powerful setup based on wireless, near-field power transfer and miniaturized, thin, flexible optoelectronic implants, for complete optical control in a variety of behavioral paradigms. The devices combine subdermal magnetic coil antennas connected to microscale, injectable light-emitting diodes (LEDs), with the ability to operate at wavelengths ranging from UV to blue, green-yellow, and red. An external loop antenna allows robust, straightforward application in a multitude of behavioral apparatuses. The result is a readily mass-producible, user-friendly technology with broad potential for optogenetics applications.

Keywords : wireless, optogenetics, near-field communication, LED, VTA, NAc, ChR2, Chrimson, dopamine, reward