한빛사논문, 상위피인용논문
Abstract
Hong Joo Kim1*,Nam-Chul Kim1*, Yong-DongWang2*, Emily A. Scarborough3*, Jennifer Moore1*, Zamia Diaz3*, Kyle S. MacLea4, Brian Freibaum1, Songqing Li1, Amandine Molliex1, Anderson P. Kanagaraj1, Robert Carter5, Kevin B. Boylan6, Aleksandra M. Wojtas6, Rosa Rademakers6, Jack L. Pinkus7, Steven A. Greenberg7, John Q. Trojanowski8, Bryan J. Traynor9, Bradley N. Smith8, Simon Topp10, Athina-Soragia Gkazi10, Jack Miller10, Christopher E. Shaw10, Michael Kottlors11, Janbernd Kirschner11, Alan Pestronk12, Yun R. Li13, Alice Flynn Ford3, Aaron D. Gitler14, Michael Benatar15, Oliver D. King16, Virginia E. Kimonis17, Eric D. Ross4, Conrad C. Weihl12, James Shorter3 & J. Paul Taylor1
1Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38120, USA. 2Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38120, USA. 3Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. 5Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38120, USA. 6Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA. 7Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. 8Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. 9Neuromuscular Diseases Research Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Porter Neuroscience Building, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. 10King’s College London Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK. 11Division of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Children’s Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. 12Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. 13Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. 14Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. 15Neurology Department, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. 16Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, USA. 17Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California-Irvine, 2501 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, California 92696, USA.
*These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: J. Paul Taylor or James Shorter
Abstract
Algorithms designed to identify canonical yeast prions predict that around 250 human proteins, including several RNA-binding proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease, harbour a distinctive prion-like domain (PrLD) enriched in uncharged polar amino acids and glycine. PrLDs in RNA-binding proteins are essential for the assembly of ribonucleoprotein granules. However, the interplay between human PrLD function and disease is not understood. Here we define pathogenic mutations in PrLDs of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) A2B1 and A1 in families with inherited degeneration affecting muscle, brain, motor neuron and bone, and in one case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Wild-type hnRNPA2 (the most abundant isoform of hnRNPA2B1) and hnRNPA1 show an intrinsic tendency to assemble into self-seeding fibrils, which is exacerbated by the disease mutations. Indeed, the pathogenic mutations strengthen a ‘steric zipper’ motif in the PrLD, which accelerates the formation of self-seeding fibrils that cross-seed polymerization of wild-type hnRNP. Notably, the disease mutations promote excess incorporation of hnRNPA2 and hnRNPA1 into stress granules and drive the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions in animal models that recapitulate the human pathology. Thus, dysregulated polymerization caused by a potent mutant steric zipper motif in a PrLD can initiate degenerative disease. Related proteins with PrLDs should therefore be considered candidates for initiating and perhaps propagating proteinopathies of muscle, brain, motor neuron and bone.
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